![]() The relationship a colorist builds with their chosen products is deeply emotional and is heavily dependent on trust and confidence in their performance. ![]() Print 2013.Relationship, Psychology, Hair Color, Emotional Connection, Trust Abstract Meta-analysis of the published literature. Genetic variants in the folate pathway and the risk of neural tube defects: a Zhang T, Lou J, Zhong R, Wu J, Zou L, Sun Y, Lu X, Liu L, Miao X, Xiong G.Citation on PubMed or Free article on PubMed Central Offsprings: evidence from 25 case-control studies. MTHFR C677T polymorphism with susceptibility to neural tube defects in Yan L, Zhao L, Long Y, Zou P, Ji G, Gu A, Zhao P.Screening, diagnosis, and pregnancy management of fetal neural tube defects. Wilson RD SOGC GENETICS COMMITTEE SPECIAL CONTRIBUTOR.Obeidi N, Russell N, Higgins JR, O'Donoghue K.MTHFR: Addressing Genetic Counseling Dilemmas UsingĮvidence-Based Literature. ACMG Practice Guideline: lack of evidenceįor MTHFR polymorphism testing. Evaluation of folate metabolism gene polymorphisms as riskįactors for open and closed neural tube defects. Doudney K, Grinham J, Whittaker J, Lynch SA, Thompson D, Moore GE, Copp AJ,.Genetics and development of neural tube defects. Botto LD, Moore CA, Khoury MJ, Erickson JD.Epidemiologic and genetic aspects of spinaīifida and other neural tube defects. However, it is unclear how these factors may influence the risk of anencephaly. Other possible maternal risk factors for anencephaly include diabetes mellitus, obesity, exposure to high heat (such as a fever or use of a hot tub or sauna) in early pregnancy, and the use of certain anti-seizure medications during pregnancy. Studies have shown that women who take supplements containing folic acid (the synthetic form of folate) before they get pregnant and very early in their pregnancy are significantly less likely to have a baby with a neural tube defect, including anencephaly. Folate deficiency plays a significant role. Researchers have also examined environmental factors that could contribute to the risk of anencephaly. However, no genes appear to play a major role in causing the condition. ![]() Changes in other genes related to folate processing and genes involved in the development of the neural tube have also been studied as potential risk factors for anencephaly. While a shortage (deficiency) of this vitamin is an established risk factor for neural tube defects, there are many factors that can contribute to folate deficiency. The best-studied of these genes is MTHFR, which provides instructions for making a protein that is involved in processing the vitamin folate (also called vitamin B9). Some of these factors have been identified, but many remain unknown.Ĭhanges in dozens of genes in individuals with anencephaly and in their mothers may influence the risk of developing this type of neural tube defect. The bones of the skull are also missing or incompletely formed.īecause these nervous system abnormalities are so severe, almost all babies with anencephaly die before birth or within a few hours or days after birth.Īnencephaly is a complex condition that is likely caused by the interaction of multiple genetic and environmental factors. These brain regions are necessary for thinking, hearing, vision, emotion, and coordinating movement. As a result, people with anencephaly are missing large parts of the brain called the cerebrum and cerebellum. ![]() This exposure causes the nervous system tissue to break down (degenerate). Because anencephaly is caused by abnormalities of the neural tube, it is classified as a neural tube defect.īecause the neural tube fails to close properly, the developing brain and spinal cord are exposed to the amniotic fluid that surrounds the fetus in the womb. The neural tube is a layer of cells that ultimately develops into the brain and spinal cord. This condition results when a structure called the neural tube fails to close during the first few weeks of embryonic development. Anencephaly is a condition that prevents the normal development of the brain and the bones of the skull. ![]()
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